Xi Jinping and Four U.S. Presidents: Personal Diplomacy Through a

The past thirteen years under Xi’s leadership have been among the most turbulent in U.S.–China relations since diplomatic normalization in 1979. Much of this downturn has unfolded beyond the control of any single leader. Yet it will take greater wisdom, courage, and vision from both sides to keep this complex relationship within guardrails of mutual respect, peaceful coexistence, and win-win cooperation—ensuring that competition remains orderly, non-zero-sum, and, above all, peaceful.